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Measuring Task-Agnostic Training Data Influence Across Language Model Pretraining

A task-agnostic influence measure tracks which examples steer pretraining toward final parameters without choosing a downstream eval. It reveals a literature-to-STEM shift across training.

arXiv
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Source Summary

The method defines an example’s influence by how much its gradient update reduces squared distance to the run’s final parameters. It estimates that value from intermediate checkpoints **without retraining** or selecting a downstream task.

Practical Implication

Across **18 Pythia and PolyPythia configurations**, influential data changed over time: literature-related examples aligned more strongly early, while STEM data aligned more strongly later. Training-pipeline builders can use this trajectory view alongside task-specific attribution when inspecting data mixtures.

Agent-Ready Context
The method defines an example’s influence by how much its gradient update reduces squared distance to the run’s final parameters. It estimates that value from intermediate checkpoints **without retraining** or selecting a downstream task.

Across **18 Pythia and PolyPythia configurations**, influential data changed over time: literature-related examples aligned more strongly early, while STEM data aligned more strongly later. Training-pipeline builders can use this trajectory view alongside task-specific attribution when inspecting data mixtures.

The crossover was qualitative and broadly consistent, but the measure is tied to the final parameters of a particular run. It does not show which examples improve a coding agent, nor replace downstream capability and reliability evaluations.
Context Map
benchmarkresearchdata#benchmark-integrity
Uncertainty
The crossover was qualitative and broadly consistent, but the measure is tied to the final parameters of a particular run. It does not show which examples improve a coding agent, nor replace downstream capability and reliability evaluations.